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Broad Question
How does the time effect yawning?

Specific Question
Do more people yawn at the beginning, middle, or end of the day.

Hypothesis
It is hypothesised that more people will yawn towards the end of the day than in the beginning or middle of the day. This is Hypothesized because people yawn when they are tired, and people are usually more tired towards the end of the day.

Dependent Variable: Percentage of people who yawn
Variables That Need To Be Controlled: Time of block, only first twenty minutes counted, length of block, the class

Vocabulary List That Needs Explanation
Pandiculation-Yawning and stretching simultaneously. Percentage- The average. All the numbers added together, then divided by the number of numbers added together.

General Plan
 Every 8th grade ABC day a flip camera will be set up in the science room. It will record the each block every ABC day. It will be different combinations of the same kids. Then the percentage of students in each block that yawns will be found. This will be done to find out which block people are the most likely to yawn in.

Potential Problems And Solutions
Nothing.

Safety Or Environmental Concerns
Nothing.

Resources and Budget Table

 * Two flip cameras -Borrowed from Ms. Schula
 * One tripod -Borrowed from Ms. Emery
 * One classroom of unknowing students -Free
 * One clipboard to tally how many yawns I see -Borrowed from my mother

Data Table

 * Percentage || Day 1 || Day 2 || Day 3 ||
 * 1st Block ||  ||   ||   ||
 * 2nd Block ||  ||   ||   ||
 * 3rd Block ||  ||   ||   ||

Time Line
Complete design and collection of materials-2/29/12 Start testing-3/6/12 Complete testing-3/14/12 Complete data analysis-3/21/12 Complete results and conclusions and write them up-3/30/12

Background Research

 * A yawn is a reflex in which you draw in a breath in and stretch the eardrum.
 * Yawning is often thought to be triggered by stress, tiredness, or boredom. You also yawn often when you get up.
 * Pandiculation is when you yawn and stretch simultaneously.
 * Yawning is a deep inhalation soon to be followed by a deep exhalation.

Detailed Procedure

 * 1) Set up camera
 * 2) Turn on camera at beginning of the block
 * 3) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Turn off camera at end of block
 * 4) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Replay recordings and count the number of yawns (No more than 1 yawn can be counted per person) in the first twenty minutes of the video
 * 5) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Find percentage of class that yawns in the class
 * 6) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Repeat until I have the videos from each time of day
 * 7) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Compare

Photo List
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I will have pictures of people yawning, no one yawning (Multiple pictures of each). No video.

Results
The results were very sporadic the first block had the highest, lowest and most average percentage. The second block had the lowest numbers. The third block had one of the highest and one of the lowest percentages and one of the most average numbers. The mean for Block 1 was 52. The mean for Block 2 was 35. The mean for block 3 was 56. The overall average was 47.

All Raw Data

 * Yawns || Day 1 || Day 2 || Day 3 ||
 * Block 1 || 11 || 5 || 14 ||
 * Block 2 || 2 || 4 || 3 ||
 * Block 3 || 4 || 6 || 13 ||


 * Percents || Day 1 || Day 2 || Day 3 ||
 * Block 1 || 10 || 46 || 100 ||
 * Block 2 || 22 || 44 || 38 ||
 * Block 3 || 29 || 46 || 92 ||

Graphs



Conclusion
A psychological experiment was conducted to find if people yawn more in the beginning, middle, or end of the day. In the experiment 3 science blocks were videotaped. One in the morning, one around noon, and one at the end of the day. Then the number of students in each block that yawned were counted. Then that number was divided by the number of students and that was the percentage. The independent variable was the time of day, and the dependant variable was that percentage of students that yawn. The mean percentage was 47%. More people yawn toward the end of the day.

Discussion
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The experiment’s question was //How does the time of day effect how much people yawn//? The answer of more people yawn towards the end of the day than in the beginning or middle of the day were received. This was discovered by averaging out the percentages of people who yawn in the first block, second block, and third block. The answer supported the experiment’s hypothesis of //It is hypothesised that more people will yawn towards the end of the day than in the beginning or middle of the day//. This can be explained by the research collected before the conducting of the experiment. Among the research it said yawns can be triggered by tiredness. It was very clear through the videos that the subjects in the third block towards the end of the day were most definitely tired. They were resting their heads on their arms, they were slouching in their chairs, some of them looked like their eyelids were drooping, and they yawned a lot. The average percentages for each block were very similar. There is not a very strong evident cause and effect, as the difference between the highest block percentage and the lowest block percentage was 21 and the percentage for the the middle block was right in between. The first block in the morning had the second most yawns. That is most likely because they had woken up a little while ago, and you almost always yawn when you wake up and in the time after that. The second block in the middle of the day had the lowest yawns, this is most likely because it is right after the beginning of the day and right before the end of the day. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">There was the problem of it would take a very long time to watch all the videos so only the first 20 minutes of each block were watched. If it were to change the experiment in anyway to make it better, one should start videoing sooner. The technology required to perform this experiment were a flip-camera to videotape the classes and a computer to watch the videos. This will most likely not lead to any new technologies and this will most likely not help anyone. If it were to help anyone though, it would most likely help teachers, so they know when to step up their game because yawning is also associated with boredom. If they can make it more interesting the students are much more likely to pay attention and learn. That means they would be doing their jobs better and be more likely to get a raise, promotion, better benefits and the like. This also means that the students are more likely to like the teacher and that can never hurt. This is most likely not going to be the case though.

Benefit to Community and/or Science
None.

Abstract
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> An experiment was conducted to find out whether more people yawn towards the end of the day, the middle of the day, or the beginning of the day. A science block was filmed at the beginning, middle, and end of the day. This was done on three separate days. The percentage of people who yawned in the class was found. Then the all of each block’s percentages were averaged out. With this strategy, it was discovered that more people yawn towards the end of the day, than in the beginning, or middle of the day. Surprisingly more people yawn at the beginning of the day, than in the middle of the day. This is most likely reason of this is they just woke up, and you almost always pandiculate when you wake up. You often yawn soon after you wake up. The average percentage for the first block was fifty-two percent. The average percentage for the second block was thirty-five percent. The average percentage for the third block was fifty-six percent. The difference between the middle of the day and the end of the day was twenty-one percent. The average percentage out of all blocks and trials was forty-eight percent. The highest percentage was one-hundred percent. The lowest percent was ten percent. There was not a very strong sense of cause and effect. Surprisingly there was a more noticeable pattern with the days. The first day had the least yawns, and the third day had the most yawns.