Beverages+That+Stain

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Broad Question
What stains teeth the most?

Specific Question
What kinds of beverages will stain teeth the most?

Hypothesis
It is hypothesized that Coca-Cola will have the darkest shade and stain on the teeth.

Rationale
I think that because is a very dark type of soda and since it is dark I think that the color would stay on the teeth. Also it is very bad for you and I am guessing that if you drink it a lot, you would probably get a least a stain that is visible. I also did research and the research said that beverage stains very badly and Coca-Cola is one of the darkest beverages I am using.

Independent Variable:
The different types of beverages.

Dependent Variable:
How dark the stain is.

 Variables That Need To Be Controlled: Same Mountain Dew, same Coca-Cola, same Moxie, same Sprite, same Coffee, same kind of graduated cylinders, same amount of liquid in each cylinder, same amount of time for how long the teeth are in the liquids, same color rating scale, same amount of teeth in all of the cylinders, same I pad, same type of moose teeth

Potential Problems And Solutions:
The tiles didn't stain at all so I just used moose teeth and they stained very good.

Safety Or Environmental Concerns:
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Could stain clothes, paper cuts, teeth could break, get hurt by teeth, get burned by the coffee, get the beverages in your eye, could get germs from mold and teeth

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Experimental Design
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">This experiment was to see what types of beverages stain teeth the most. It was done in Mr. Yahna’s greenhouse and all the materials were put in and laid out in there to make sure everything was there. Then the cylinders were all ready and put the soda was put in the cylinders. Then 5 moose teeth were put in each cylinder and they soaked in the beverages for 2 weeks in the greenhouse. When they were checked at 1 1/2 weeks there was mold in almost all the cylinders. When the two weeks were over, the teeth were taken out and let them dry. Then five people were asked if they would rating how dark the stain was on the moose teeth on the color rating scale that I made. After that the data was recorded and the area that was being used was cleaned up.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Resources and Budget Table

 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Item || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Number needed || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Where I will get this || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Cost ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Coke || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1 (2 liter) bottle || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Grants Supermarket ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Mountain Dew || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;">(2 liter) bottle || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Grants Supermarket ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Moxie || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;">(2 liter) bottle || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Grants Supermarket ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Sprite || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;">(2 liter) bottle || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Grants Supermarket ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Coffee || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1 (16 oz) bottle || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Make my Own ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Graduated Cylinders || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">4 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Mr. Yahna ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Paper || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1 piece || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Mr. Yahna ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Moose Teeth || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">25 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Hunter ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Mr. Yahna's Geenhouse || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Mr. Yahna ||  ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Detailed Procedure
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Step 1. Gather materials needed: Beverages (Mountain Dew, Coke, Moxie, Sprite, Coffee), moose teeth, 4 graduated cylinders, Colored Rating Scale paper, tape, and a sharpie.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Step 2. Draw a black line on each graduated cylinder at 30 ml and label each cylinder with a piece of tape that has a different type of beverage labeled on it.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Step 3. Fill each cylinder with a different beverage up to the 30 ml black line.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Step 4. Place the cylinders with the liquids in Mr. Yahna’s classroom.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Step 5. Then put 6 moose teeth in each of the liquids and leave the top of the cylinders open with nothing covering the top of them.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Step 6. Let the teeth soak in the liquids in the classroom for two weeks.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Step 7. While the teeth are soaking in the beverages, make a color rating scale with 10 different shades from white to brown.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Step 8. When the teeth are done soaking for two weeks, take them out of the cylinders and let them dry on a paper towel in the Mr. Yahna’s classroom.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Step 9. When the teeth are dry ask 5 people to rate the teeth sample from the color rating scale for each beverage they were in and I will tell them what each tooth was in. Then I will tell them to point at what color the teeth are on the color rating scale.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Step 10. After I gather all my information from my helpers I will thank them for their time and information. I will also clean up my materials and record my data on my data table.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Data Table
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Graphs
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Photos
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Moose teeth after experiment <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;">Color Rating Scale

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Results
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The average color rating for the teeth that were in Coca-Cola was an 8. For the teeth in the Coffee, the average color rating was 9. The teeth that were in the Mountain Dew, was a 4 for the average. The average for the teeth in the Moxie for the color rating was an 8. Last, but not least the average of the teeth in the Sprite for the color rating scale was 5.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Conclusion
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The experiment was designed to see which type of beverages stain teeth the most. The results show that Coffee stained the moose teeth the most out of the 5 different beverages. The average for the color rating of the teeth that were in the Coffee was 9, for the Moxie 8, for the teeth in the Sprite is 5, for the Coke 8, and for the Mountain Dew it was 9.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Discussion
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> The experiment question was what types of beverages stain teeth the most. The experiment was conducted and it answered the question that was asked. The answer to the question was that coffee stained the moose teeth the most out of all five of the beverages that were chosen. It is hypothesized that Coca-Cola will have the darkest shade and stain on the teeth. It is a very dark type of soda and since it is dark the experimenter thought that the color would stay on the teeth. Research was conducted and it was found that the beverages chosen all stain teeth very badly and Coca-Cola was one of the darkest beverages tested.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> It was found that the hypothesis was not supported by the results. The results were that coffee stained the teeth the most not the Coca-Cola. The average color rating for the teeth that were in Coca-Cola was an 8. For the teeth in the coffee, the average color rating was 9. The teeth that were in the Mountain Dew, was a 4 for the average. The average for the teeth in the Moxie for the color rating was an 8. Last, but not least the average of the teeth in the Sprite for the color rating scale was 5. It was noticed that the teeth stained more than expected. Also when looking in the graduated cylinders at the end of the two weeks, there was mold in almost all of the cylinders. The beverages that were the darkest had the darkest and biggest stain.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> The resulting data was collected by having people rate the stain and giving a number value to the stain on the teeth using a color rating scale. Research was conducted and coffee was found to be very good at staining teeth. The research also advised not to drink too much of it because it stains teeth. A problem was encountered when ceramic tiles were used to test the beverages. The tiles never stained so moose teeth were used instead. An Ipad was also used to take pictures during the experiment to show what happened.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The results of this experiment could help convince people to not drink too of these beverages that were used in. I also think that this will show people to drink better liquids and not to drink these beverages too much or this could happen to you. This is very good to know about so anyone can prevent from happening to them.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Background Research

 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Coffee= The worst stain
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Coke= The next worst stain
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Since they are flavored, the flavor adds to the stain
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Color doesn’t help with the staining
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">The darkest color of the beverage, the darker the stain is
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Sprite= Lightest stain
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Coffee, tea, and cola are notorious for leaving stains on your teeth
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Coffee or tea, <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">which is worse for causing stains on teeth?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Both coffee and tea will stain teeth, as will cola drinks, red wine and certain foods such as blueberries, soy sauce and curry powder
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Coffee, red wine, Dark colored sodas all stain

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">The Top Teeth-Staining Foods and Beverages

 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Wine
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Cola
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Sports drinks
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> Berries
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> Sauces
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Sweets

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Use These Tips To Make Your Teeth Stain Less While You Drink These Beverages

 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Use a straw- sipping beverages through a straw is believed to help keep teeth-staining beverages away from the teeth -- the front teeth, in particular.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Swallow promptly
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Swish with water

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">References
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Braun, Susan. "Science Projects on Soda & Teeth | eHow.com." eHow | How to Videos, Articles & More - Discover the expert in you. | eHow.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2013. <http://www.ehow.com/list_5955990_science-projects-soda-teeth.html>.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">"CALIFORNIA STATE SCIENCE FAIR 2004 PROJECT SUMMARY." CALIFORNIA STATE SCIENCE FAIR 2004 PROJECT SUMMARY. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 1922. <www.usc.edu/CSSF/History/2004/Projects/J0519.pdf>.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">"Can Drinking Soda Stain My Teeth? | LIVESTRONG.COM." LIVESTRONG.COM - Lose Weight & Get Fit with Diet, Nutrition & Fitness Tools | LIVESTRONG.COM. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2013. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/534947-can-drinking-soda-stain-my-teeth/>.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">"Coffee Stains Vs. Tea Stains on Teeth - Yahoo! Voices - voices.yahoo.com."Yahoo! Voices - voices.yahoo.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2013. <http://voices.yahoo.com/coffee-stains-vs-tea-stains-teeth-7421732.html>.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">"Foods and Habits That Stain Your Teeth."WebMD - Better information. Better health.. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2013. <http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/features/foods-stain-teeth-feature>.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Guide, Editors of Consumer. "Discovery Health "How to Prevent Stained Teeth"."Discovery Health "Health Guides". N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2013. <http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/natural-medicine/home-remedies/home-remedies-for-whiter-teeth.htm>.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Jr, Ernani Berces. "9 Things That Stain Teeth The Most At SymptomFind.com."Symptomfind.com: Check Your Medical Symptoms & Find Causes, Tests, Diagnosis & Treatments Options. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2013. <http://www.symptomfind.com/health/what-stains-teeth-the-most>.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">**Abstract**

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline;">The purpose of this experiment was to see which beverage stains teeth the most. It was hypothesized that Coca-Cola would stain the moose teeth the most. Moose teeth were put in each beverage and soaked in the beverages for two weeks. After they were done soaking, random subjects judged how dark each tooth was in each beverage. The hypothesis was incorrect and coffee actually stained the teeth the most. The staining rating average was 9 for the coffee and most of the teeth that were in the coffee had at least a little bit of black on them. It was found in this experiment that coffee stains the most out of all the beverages that were tested.