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Independent Variable:
Bottle Contents

General Plan
General Plan- What: An experiment was conducted to see if empty bottles can cause more force, than a full bottle. This experiment was conducted at school, but there where hazard concerns. A “rig” was built that pulled the bottle towards the “brain”(accelerometer). The independent variable was the bottles contents. An accelerometer was used to measure the Newton's when the bottle hit the “brain”.

Potential Problems And Solutions
Problems: broken glass, root beer splatter, broken objects Solution: plastic cover/room, (Mr.Douglass nicely offered the plastic, to make the room), safety glasses

Safety Or Environmental Concerns
Broken glass, root beer splatter, broken objects

Resources and Budget Table

 * ====Material ==== || ====amount ==== || ====where to get ==== || ====cost ==== ||
 * ====2x4x8/wood ==== || ====4 ==== || ====Lowes ==== || ====$2.45 ea ==== ||
 * ====3 in. star bit screws ==== || ====1 box ==== || ====Lowes ==== || ====$6.58 ==== ||
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">spring ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1 ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lowes ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">$5.67 ==== ||
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1 ¼ in. dowel ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3 ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lowes ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">$3.78 ==== ||
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> cross PVC pipe ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1 ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lowes ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">$1.99 ==== ||
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">cup hook ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2 ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">home ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">$0 ==== ||
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Vice grips ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1 ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">home ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">$0 ==== ||


 * ====Plastic jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj ==== || ====lot shhhh ==== || ====Mr.Douglass jjjj ==== || ====Donated==== ||

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Experiment:

 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Jello Packets ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">36 (18 red, 18 pink) ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hannaford’s ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">$35.64 ==== ||
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">root beer bottles ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">12 (2 cases) ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hannaford’s ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">$12.38 ==== ||
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">water ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">216 ounces ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">home ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">$0 ==== ||
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">scales ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1 ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">home bakery ==== || ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">$0 ==== ||

Time Line
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">February 25th build contraption, ==== March 7th build plastic room <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">March 9th 2012 start conducting experiments. If approved. March 16th finish up experiment, pictures March 23rd all observations and evidence due. March 25th start writing up results and conclusions April 6th application deadline May 10th MWV regional science/ tech fair ====


 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">there are three laws ====
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">First law: The <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0645ad; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="wiki_link_ext">velocity <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> of a body remains constant unless the body is acted upon by an external force.  ====
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Second law: The <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0645ad; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="wiki_link_ext">acceleration <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a of a body is <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0645ad; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="wiki_link_ext">parallel  <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> and directly proportional to the net <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0645ad; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="wiki_link_ext">force  <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> and inversely proportional to the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0645ad; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="wiki_link_ext">mass  <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, i.e., F = ma.  ====
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Third law: The mutual forces of action and reaction between two bodies are equal, opposite and collinear. ====
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the three laws were first compiled by Sir Isaac Newton in his book Philosophiee Naturalis Principia Mathematica [[image:https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/HWjF-1WP47Qhb4scP_W1QNUev8rrpF2GSwMPQM6hBY6zoQ0tYA_pFnhcH6_d33XSrajU7ebE9RgXubHmMcAUcNP1m23mpXc26SUBbx9ffijgS2D_7bk]] ====
 * ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">First law aften refered to as the Law of Inertia. ====

Extremely dangerous skull fractures, concussions, scalp lacerations, all possible injuries in this type of environment, myth busters found that full bottles gave more force than the empty bottles.

 * 1) ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, <span style="background-color: #00ff00; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">You will be using power tools, if you are not fimilar with a chop saw and drill or other power tools, make sure that you have parental guidance, or a guardian to help you <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Take a 2x4 (that is 8 feet long) and cut it into two 3 foot pieces( label them, so you know where they go) take the rest of the 2x4 and measure out and make sure that it is 2 feet (if it is not a 2 foot piece than you cut the 3 foot piece wrong). On the other 2x4 measure out 2 foot increments, all along the 2x4. cut them out (you should get four, 2 foot pieces of 2x4) take the third 2x4 and cut out two more 3 foot pieces, with the left over 2 foot piece stack it with the other 2 footers. take the fourth 2x4 and cut out one more 2 foot piece, (you should have five 2 footers)  ====
 * 2) ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lay out the first two 3 foot pieces so they are parallel to each other, take two of the 2 foot pieces and lay them on the ends of the the 3 footers. the 2 footers should be inside the 3 foot pieces. (Make sure that they are laying on the smaller side so that the 4in part of the 2x4 is facing in and out.) Screw the 3 footers to the 3 footers, just use one screw, to secure the pieces, to make sure that the pieces form a rectangle. Screw in a second screw to finish the base frame. ====
 * 3) ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Take the fourth of of the 2 footers and put then on the corners of the base frame than use a level to make sure that they are strait up. Screw the pieces in with one screw in each piece of wood. take the last two, 3 footers and screw them to the out side of the four 2 footers, make sure that they are level. ====
 * 4) ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Drill a 1 ¼ hole in each of the top 3 footers one foot from the back of the rig. Take one of the dowels and thread it half way through the 1 ¼ hole. slip the PVC cross section on to the dowel, slide the rest of the dowel through the other hole, and center the PVC cross section. Drill holes about ½ an inch away from the 2x4 piece, and put nails in the holes so that the dowel does not move, do the same for the other side, to secure the PVC section, drill holes and put nails in the hole so that it does not move . Take the second dowel and cut a ½ a foot off. this will be the arm. Put the back end of the dowel into the cross section PVC pipe and screw it in to the other dowel through the back. take two cup hooks and screw one into the the arm dowel and the other in to the piece of 2x4 below it. hook the spring to each of them and test the strength. Duct take a ONE part of the handle of the vice grips to the dowel, (make sure that the vice grips are thouroly secured) make sure that you can fit the neck of a glass bottle in the teeth of the grips. This should concluded the building of the “rig”. ====
 * 5) ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">To build the plastic room, you need construction grade clear plastic, a roll or two of duct tape, 20 bull dog clips and 5-6 yard sticks. Take the bulldog clips and clap them into the ceiling in the size of the room you want the room, cut foot long pieces of string, you need about 15 separate pieces of string. Tie 2 pieces of string to each yard stick, and tie the yards stick to the bulldog clips to being the wall. take the desired amount of clear plastic and cut it into the length that you need. unfold the plastic (most of the clear plastics comes folded up) and lay it out to see how much there is. Take one end of the plastic and bring it up to the first yard stick, “wrap” the plastic around the yard stick ad secure with a strip of duct tape, secure it in several places along the yard stick. Continue to “wrap” and secure the clear plastic to each yard stick. After finishing the securing process, tape the clear plastic to the floor with the duct tape. After securing the walls to the floor, cut a piece of plastic that will make up the plastic “protection” floor. tape that into place and you are done. ====
 * 6) ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">collect supplies and materials besides those that correspond with the "rig". ====
 * 7) ====Hang contractor plastic from the ceiling by using string, bulldog clips, yard sticks, and duct tape. Place more contractor plastic on the floor.====
 * 8) ====Take crates of jello buckets, "rig", and video inside plastic room====
 * 9) ====Setup the "Datastudio" computer program and passport force measure.====
 * 10) ====Wrap accelerometer in plastic bag and duct tape====
 * 11) ====Place accelerometer in the center of the jello.====
 * 12) ====Put the bucket of jello in front of the "rig" arm====
 * 13) ====Attach root beer bottle to vice grips====
 * 14) ====setup video camera on tripod, focus on jello bucket====
 * 15) ====turn camera on====
 * 16) ====start computer program trial====
 * 17) ====pull back arm of rig to consistent point====
 * 18) ====stop computer program trial====
 * 19) ====turn off camera====
 * 20) ====repeat process 4 more times with empty bottle====
 * 21) ====repeat process 5 more times with full bottle====

Results
====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The full bottle produced a larger force than the empty bottle, when the data was collected the X and Y axis' were added (basically the two different ways the accelerometer moves back and forth). The full bottle total trials results were 35.6, 26.1, 63.4, 15.3,and 17.2N. The empty bottle total trials results were 38.3,19.8, 8.1, 43.5, 29.2, and 27.78N.The total average results of the full bottle was 31.52, the total average for the empty bottle was 27.78. ====

All Raw Data
media type="custom" key="14211704"

Conclusion
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is hypothesized that a empty bottle will produce a larger concussion than a full bottle. In this experiment the results show that the theory is incorrect, the full bottle produced a concussion, and the empty bottle produced lighter concussion. If this experiment was to be repeated, it would be changed by doing more background research before the experiment would be started.

Discussion
====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The question to this science experiment was will a full glass bottle have less force than an empty glass bottle. This experiment question was answered using a highly sensitive accelerometer computer program. The accelerometer was placed in the jello brain to measure the impact in Newtons, from Newton’s laws of motion. From this it was found that the full bottles had more of an impact on the brain. The empty bottle was short about four Newtons. ==== ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It was hypothesised that the empty bottles would create more of an impact on the brain. The results however proved that it was the full bottles that have more of an impact on the brain. This theory was disproved by the research and the results. In the research it was found the theory had already been tested and disproved. The rig that swung the bottle was a rough replica of the following rig built in a previous experiment. A pattern was found in the data for full bottle X axis, the number would increase in newtons and then fall behind, it did this three times in five trials. The relationship between the full glass bottle and the arm swing is based on mass, density, and weight. A strong cause and effect was shown, the fuller the bottle is, the harder the swing. ==== ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Problems seemed quite constant and unimaginable yet some were just the opposite. The first problem and solution was damage to the space the experiment took place because of broken glass and root beer splatter. The solution was to build a four millimeter plastic room held together by clips, meter sticks, and duct tape. More unimaginable and unexpected problems occurred, the most problematic was where that the vice grips broke the bottle, and opened the cap of the full bottle. The solution to this problem was to take away the vice grips and duct tape each individual bottle to the arm of the rig. ==== ====<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This experiment used a highly sensitive accelerometer, this was placed in the jello brain and then the accelerometer was able to record data, right after the arm of the rig was pulled back and released, and hit the brain. This data would be beneficial in concussion research, and the damage done to the brain by a large hit to the head. In many sports, like football and boxing, large hits to the head are sustained repetitively. Though this experiment was not the study of repetitive hits to the head, it shows the possible damage done in a fight. It also shows the possible damage done to a brain from a moving object. ====

Abstract
==== It is hypothesised that a empty bottle will produce a larger concussion than a full bottle. In this experiment the results show that the theory is incorrect, the full bottle produced a concussion, and the empty bottle produced lighter concussion. If this experiment was to be repeated, it would be changed by doing more background research before the experiment would be started. This experiment was a very fun but complicated. It was expected to be more free than we expected. While deciding on the right project to conduct it sounded simpler than it was. This experiment produced large amounts of knowledge and mess. ====